What is the term for the loss of trap seal due to rapid water flow?

The term that accurately describes the loss of trap seal due to rapid water flow is siphonage. This phenomenon occurs when the flow of water in a drainage system creates a partial vacuum or low pressure in the trap, pulling the water out of the trap and thereby breaking the barrier it provides against sewer gases. Siphonage is typically influenced by the speed of water moving through the pipes as well as the design of the plumbing system.

In contrast, capillary attraction refers to the ability of a liquid to flow in narrow spaces without the assistance of external forces and is not related to trap seal loss. Back pressure involves situations where pressure increases in the drainage system that may force sewage back into the building, instead of affecting the trap seal directly. Wind effect describes how air movement can create pressure changes in plumbing vent systems and may impact water levels, but it is not specifically tied to the rapid flow of water in causing trap seal loss.